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Peru–Bolivian Confederation
The Peru–Bolivian Confederation (or Confederacy) was a short-lived confederate state that existed in South America between 1836 and 1839. Its first and only head of state, titled “Supreme Protector”, was the Bolivian president, Marshal Andrés de Santa Cruz.
The confederation was a loose union between the states of Peru (by this time divided into a Republic of North Peru and a Republic of South Peru, which included the capital Tacna) and Bolivia. From its inception, the confederation was seen as a threat by influential politicians in the neighboring countries, and its support for Chilean and Argentine dissidents in exile caused Argentina and Chile to wage war separately against the confederation. The confederation collapsed after being defeated by a combined Chilean and Peruvian dissident force in what is now known as the War of the Confederation.
==Background==
During colonial times, the territory comprising the Audiencia de Charcas, also known as ''Alto Perú'', now Bolivia, was an integral territory of the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru from its creation. In 1776, it was administratively severed and became a province of the newly created Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. Still, for geographical and historical reasons, it always remained closer to Lima than to its administrative capital, Buenos Aires, in present-day Argentina. The Peru–Bolivian Confederation was the only effective attempt to unite them.
This territory achieved independence in 1825. At this point in time, a union with Peru was widely supported. Nonetheless Simón Bolívar, who had liberated the territory and destroyed the last remnants of the Spanish army, did not approve of the union, and urged the creation of a separate and independent state. Thus the new Republic of Bolivia (named in his honor) was born, with Bolívar as its first president. Political unrest and turmoil forced Bolívar to return to Colombia very soon thereafter, leaving Antonio José de Sucre in charge. Nevertheless, the plan for reuniting Peru and Bolivia did not fade away.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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